untsofelectricalpowercanbegeneratedfromsuchplants.Thetypesofreceiversthatcanbeseriouslyconsideredare:()centralreceivers,()dispersedordistributedreceiversand()solarponds.LikemostcountriesoftheMiddleEast,Jordanenjoyslongperiodsofsunshine.Thelocalweatherhasovercloudlessdaysperyear.FuturetechnologysuggeststhattheDeadSeaitselfcanbeusedaskmsolarlake,operatingaMWpowerplant[].Inarecentstudy,thepotentialofneral,fossilfuelsarenon-renewable.Theyoriginatefromtheearthasaresultofdecompositionandchemicalconversionoforganicmaterials.Theycomeinthreeorganicforms:()solid,e.g.coalandoilshale；()liquid,e.g.mostpetroleumproducts,and()gas,e.g.naturalgas.Coalrepresentsthelargestfossil-fuelenergyresourceinelectricpowergeneration[,].OilshaleisafossilfuelthatexistsinJordaninabundance,butwithunattractivephysicalproperties.First,likealloilshales,ithasalowheatingvalueduetothehighashcontent[].Secondly,theJordanianoilshalehassulfurcontents,ranging–[].Becauseoflowpricesofpetroleumworldwidetheutilizationofsolidfossilfuels,suchasoilshale,cannotbefeasibleatthetimebeing.Therefore,oilshalepowerplantscannotbeconsideredtobecompetitive[].PetroleumandnaturalgasarethemainfuelsusedfortheelectricpowergenerationinJordaninadditiontosmallhydro-poweredelectricitygenerationplants.TablerepresentstheexistingelectricalpowerplantsinJordan[]..ElectricitypowerproductionusingsolarenergySincethessolarenergyhasreceivedthegreatestattentionofallrenewableenergysourcesallovertheworld.Manyregarditasthesolutionforcleanerenvironmentandmaybethealternativetofossilandnuclearfuels.Thus,solarenergyhasbeentheobjectforproductionofelectricalpower.Manystudiesandexperienceshaveshownthatsolarthermalpowerplantsareoneofthemosteconomicformsofsolarelectricitygeneration.Solarenergycanbeconvertedintoelectricitybyphotovoltaiccells,butthisprocessismostlyconvenientandsuitableforsmallapplicationsonly.Standalonephotovoltaicpowersystemswereproposedforelectrificationofremoteareasofwhichtheyarelocatedoutsidetheelectricitygrid-connectionsupplysystem[].Ontheotherhand,solarenergycanbeconvertedintothermalenergybymeansofsolarcollectorsorconcentrators.Aworkingfluidisusedtoconvertthethermalenergyintomechanicalenergywhichisthenconvertedintoelectricity.Unlikephotovoltaics,largeamountsofelectricalpowercanbegeneratedfromsuchplants.Thetypesofreceiversthatcanbeseriouslyconsideredare:()centralreceivers,()dispersedordistributedreceiversand()solarponds.LikemostcountriesoftheMiddleEast,Jordanenjoyslongperiodsofsunshine.Thelocalweatherhasovercloudlessdaysperyear.FuturetechnologysuggeststhattheDeadSeaitselfcanbeusedaskmsolarlake,operatingaMWpowerplant[].Inarecentstudy,thepotentialof瓦各座落在一些遥远地区。工厂计算机控制中心设有类似化石燃料植物,除了它不需要涡轮机。最近研究模式是定位算法风力发电装置。价格上涨燃料和成本化石燃料依赖,在植物上不可再生能源资源,降低成本和价值风力发电系统明显。在约旦有潜在高速度有数字网站,可用于该目。所提交评估,风能在约旦和其申请电力。风地点被覆盖了整个国家。这三个最具发展潜力地点被发现是在约旦,易燃、临亚喀巴湾。他们风速范围从至日已经达到。.水力发电水力发电厂可以对潜在可再生能源提供了评估依据。相较于其他火电厂,他们是传统和可靠。一些国家利用这种形式免费天然能量转化为有用类型电力。例如,在美国电力生产是水电。埃及和土耳其国家这一地区,还将这种类型动力用于在低成本发电。在约旦大量研究是参加利用水力发电为目海水淡化,在这些研究成果基础上,主要考虑红河和死海联系与运河海产生水电。死海低于海平面(BSL)米,大约公里,北临亚喀巴湾湾，它是一种扩展红海。死海没有出路；其水位是一个函数及水蒸发。几千年来,死海维护一个年度流入和蒸发水平衡。这导致了一个常数。例如,在年死海表面测量其历史高度大约米BSL。约但河,被认为是死海主要支流。在约旦河谷和灌溉邻国,多年来由于人口和农业发展增加,水被转移。因此,它海拔被迫大幅下降,年,BSL米。来阻止这种趋势,必须引进大量新水流入大海。从红海海水可以用来作为一种来源需要移师死海。这种转移可以用来保持在海洋目前水平,从而阻止其下降,甚至带它回到历史水平。从这样过程中获得力量可以用来发电,更多新鲜水要从约但河引入。.核能发电在这些国家,依靠油却没有，这是非常有名事实。发展核电已成为战略以及发展经济必要。核能电厂有能力在短短数年支付他们资本成本。因此,一个更便宜电力可以不用依赖进口国外石油,或至少减少石油进口。有些人相信有一天油会枯竭了,核能成为必然趋势。因此,重要是开始这个技术,以保证国家将不会被甩在后面时候要用核技术。核能发电提供一个优势,从环境角度和空气污染。它拥有更少环境问题与原油电厂。因此,核能是注定要成为选择力量以备将来之用。核能有一些困难，即废物处置和安全。如果这种能量在世界上多数国家变得流行,解决这些问题方案,从而成为必须研究。.层次分析法层次分析法(AHP)在构建和建模多目标问题上已经是一个有效工具。例如,它已经应用于商业决策，选择领域研究和发展项目、水政策和海水淡化技术。层次分析法(AHP)可以帮助决策者评估一系列问题参考比较,通过一系列相对标准。简要分析,通过两两比较确定权重。该方法可以被分解成计分卡问题组成部分。然后安排层次订单价值形成树形结构。各部分相对重要性由指定数值主观判断。这些判断是利用向量来确定哪些因素已经具有最高优先级。这个决定对于选择最佳电力系统电力被评为根据收益和成本，费用由分离层次构建独立收益和成本。整体目标都是选择一个最佳等级系统。标准费用成本二级燃料是硬件成本、维护、维修、辅助系统、环境约束。据分析,它包括所有益处等级可能来自不同发电核电站。受益于二级燃料是标准系统效率,其使用燃料系统可靠性、安全性、有效性，是影响国民经济和社会效益主要因素。选择或代表第三级成本与效益各种层次技术,要考虑在约旦电力生产。此外,化石燃料发电厂这些系统包括核、太阳能、风能、水电。.结果与讨论研究显示，核和化石燃料是成本最高电厂,相对权重..。另一方面太阳能、风能、水电有较低价值，相对权重在.-.范围内。它是基于层次成本在所有其它费用表明燃料成本最高，相对权重.。紧随其后是硬件和维护成本；他们相对权重是.。环境约束和需要辅助系统权重和价值观最低.和.。福利层次表明,化石燃料发电厂最大利益有一个相对重量.。是紧随其后太阳能、风能,其相应相对权重.、.。系统可靠性具有最高相对权重.。紧随其后是触手可及燃料,系统效率,其影响国民经济和社会效益、,安全。为了给这个总成本(相对权重)除以完整优先效益考虑问题，每个系统全面规范成本效益得到了。理论分析和实验结果表明,核电有最高整体成本效益比例,与一个相对重量价值.。化石燃料发电厂有第二个相对权重.。最好系统以及最低成本效益为太阳能,紧随其后是风能和海能，相对权重分别是.，.，.，。.结论基于层次分析法(AHP),在约旦发电，太阳能电力有潜力成为最好系统，其次是风,然后水力发电厂。有人说，所有三种技术或任何两个组合可以用,因为他们有密切相关重量。neral,fossilfuelsarenon-renewable.Theyoriginatefromtheearthasaresultofdecompositionandchemicalconversionoforganicmaterials.Theycomeinthreeorganicforms:()solid,e.g.coalandoilshale；()liquid,e.g.mostpetroleumproducts,and()gas,e.g.naturalgas.Coalrepresentsthelargestfossil-fuelenergyresourceinelectricpowergeneration[,].OilshaleisafossilfuelthatexistsinJordaninabundance,butwithunattractivephysicalproper中文字英文原文Multi-criteriaselectionofelectricpowerplantsusinganalyticalhierarchyprocessBilalA.Akash,RustomMamlook,MousaS.MohsenAbstractThispaperusesanalyticalhierarchyprocess(AHP)methodologytoperformacomparisonbetweenthedifferentelectricitypowerproductionoptionsinJordan.Thesystemswhichwereconsidered,inadditiontofossilfuelpowerplants,arenuclear,solar,wind,andhydro-power.Resultsoncosttobenefitratiosshowthatsolar,wind,endhydro-powermaybethebestalternativesforelectricpowerproduction.Nuclearelectricityturnsouttobetheworstchoice,followedbyfossilfuelelectricpower..IntroductionJordanisanon-oilproducingMiddle-Easterncountry.Itreliesheavilyonimportingoilfromneighboringcountries.Mostoftheelectricpowerthatisgeneratedtoservedifferentsectorsofthecountryisproducedfrompowerplantsthatusefossilfuel.Thisfueliseithertotallyimportedsuchaspetroleumhydrocarbonfuel,orpartiallylocal(onlywithsmallpercentage)suchasnaturalgas.TheelectricalenergyconsumptioninJordanreachedavalueofGWh.AboutofhisamountwasproducedbytheNationalElectricPowerCompany(NEPCO)whichisthemainelectricitysupplierinthecountry[].Otheroptionsoralternativesofenergysourcesforelectricpowergenerationmustteeconsidered.Theseoptionsmayincludenuclear,solar,wind,orhydro-electricenergies.TheJordanianexperiencewithelectricitygenerationusingsolarandwindenergytechnologyhasbeenonthesmallandexperimentalscale.TheserenewableenergysystemswereutilizedinmostlyremoteareasofJordan.Theyareusedtogenerateelectricpowerforindividualapplicationsuchasclinics,lighting,andeducationaltelevisionsets.TheremotevillageofJurfEldaraweeshlocatedintheJordandesertofapopulationof,isthebestexample[].Thenecessaryelectricalenergyistotallysuppliedbysolarandwindenergyconversionsystems.Inthispaper,oil-firedpowerplantsinadditiontootheralternativesarebeingevaluated.Theotheralternativesincludenuclear,solar,windandhydro-power.Abriefdescriptionofvariouspowerplanttechnologieswillbepresented.Usingadecision-supportsystemthroughamultiplecriteriaanalysis,suchasAHP,anattemptwillbemadetoassistdecisionmakerstoevaluatetheuseoftheabovetechnologieswhichcanbemostsuitableforelectricalpowerproductioninJordan..Fossil-fuelelectricalpowerplantsIngeneral,fossilfuelsarenon-renewable.Theyoriginatefromtheearthasaresultofdecompositionandchemicalconversionoforganicmaterials.Theycomeinthreeorganicforms:()solid,e.g.coalandoilshale；()liquid,e.g.mostpetroleumproducts,and()gas,e.g.naturalgas.Coalrepresentsthelargestfossil-fuelenergyresourceinelectricpowergeneration[,].OilshaleisafossilfuelthatexistsinJordaninabundance,butwithunattractivephysicalproperties.First,likealloilshales,ithasalowheatingvalueduetothehighashcontent[].Secondly,theJordanianoilshalehassulfurcontents,ranging–[].Becauseoflowpricesofpetroleumworldwidetheutilizationofsolidfossilfuels,suchasoilshale,cannotbefeasibleatthetimebeing.Therefore,oilshalepowerplantscannotbeconsideredtobecompetitive[].PetroleumandnaturalgasarethemainfuelsusedfortheelectricpowergenerationinJordaninadditiontosmallhydro-poweredelectricitygenerationplants.TablerepresentstheexistingelectricalpowerplantsinJordan[]..ElectricitypowerproductionusingsolarenergySincethessolarenergyhasreceivedthegreatestattentionofallrenewableenergysourcesallovertheworld.Manyregarditasthesolutionforcleanerenvironmentandmaybethealternativetofossilandnuclearfuels.Thus,solarenergyhasbeentheobjectforproductionofelectricalpower.Manystudiesandexperienceshaveshownthatsolarthermalpowerplantsareoneofthemosteconomicformsofsolarelectricitygeneration.Solarenergycanbeconvertedintoelectricitybyphotovoltaiccells,butthisprocessismostlyconvenientandsuitableforsmallapplicationsonly.Standalonephotovoltaicpowersystemswereproposedforelectrificationofremoteareasofwhichtheyarelocatedoutsidetheelectricitygrid-c        中文3438字英文原文Multi-criteriaselectionofelectricpowerplantsusinganalyticalhierarchyprocessBilalA.Akash,RustomMamlook,MousaS.MohsenAbstractThispaperusesanalyticalhierarchyprocess(AHP)methodologytoperformacomparisonbetweenthedifferentelectricitypowerproductionoptionsinJordan.Thesystemswhichwereconsidered,inadditiontofossilfuelpowerplants,arenuclear,solar,w

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