cconceptsthathaveemergedinfinite-timethermodynamicswiththepractical,engineeringsideofthesubject,thedesignprinciplesofarealmachine.Inthisreport,wetreatamodeloftheinternalcombustionenginecloselyrelatedtotheidealOttocyclebutwithrateconstraintsintheformofthetwomajorlossesfoundinrealengines.Weoptimizetheengineby"controlling"thetimedependenceofthevolume-thatindardnear-sinusoidalmotion.Theeffectivenessε(theratiooftheworkdonetothereversiblework,alsocalledthesecond-lawefficiency)isslightlyhigherfortheoptimizedenginewhosepiston-accelerationislimitedtoxm/sec,themaximumoftheconventionalengineofthefirstrow.Ifthepistonisallowedtohavetimestheaccelerationoftheconventionalengine,theeffectivenessincreases;iftheaccelerationisunconstrained,theimprovementineffectivenessgoesupto.Thesevaluesaretypical,notthemostfavorable.Ifthetotallossesoftheconventionalengineareheldapproximatelyconstantbutshifte