ringafewsquaremillimeters[].TheideasofincorporatingsuchanintegratedcircuitintoanIDcardwascontainedinapatentapplicationfiledinJapanbyKunitakaArimurainJapanconcerning“aplasticcardincorporatingoneormoreintegratedcircuitchipsforthegenerationofdistinguishingsignals”in[].However,thefirstrealprogressinthedevelopmentofsmartcardscamewhenRonalMorenoregisteredhissmartcardpatenton“anindependentelectronicobjecrgeneralusewasissuedbytheDinnersClubin.Atfirstthecard‟sfunctionswerequitesimple[].Theyinitiallyservedasdatacarriersthatweresecureagainstforgeryandtampering.Generalinformation,suchasthecardissuer‟sname,wasprintedonthesurfacewhilepersonaldataelements,suchasthecardholder‟snameandthecardnumberwereembossed.Furthermore,manycardsbadasignaturefield.Protectionagainstforgerywasprovidedbyvisualfeatures.Therefore,thesystem‟ssecuritydependedcompletelyontheretailstaffacceptingthecards.However,thiswasnotanoverwhelmingproblemduetothecard„sinitialexclusivity.Therewasapressingneedformachine-readablecardstoreducehandlingcostinadditiontothefactthatcardissuer‟slossesduegrewfromyeartoyearduetofraud[].Thefirstimprovementconsistedofamagneticstriponthebackofthecard.Thisalloweddigitaldatatobestoredonthecardinamachine-readableformasasupplementtothevisualdata.Additionally,securityisenhancedbytheuseofasecretpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN)thatiscomparedtoareferencenumberstoredinthemagneticstrip[].Althoughtheembossedcardwithamagneticstripisstillthemostcommonlyusedtypeofpaymentcard,theysufferfromasevereweaknessinthatdatastoredonthestripcanberead,deletedandrewrittenbyanyonewithaccesstotheappropriateequipment.PINmustbestoredinthehostsysteminasecureenvironment,insteadofonthemagneticstrip.Mostsystemsthatemploymagneticstripcardshaveon-lineconnectionstothesystem‟shostcomputerforsecurityreasons.However,thisgeneratesconsiderabledatatransmissioncosts.Thedevelopmentofthesmartcard,combinedwiththeexpansionofelectronicdataprocessinghascreatedcompletelynewpossibilitiesforsolvingthisproblem.Progressinmicroelectronicsinthe‟smadeitpossibletointegratedatastorageandarithmeticlogiconasinglesiliconchipmeasuringafewsquaremillimeters[].TheideasofincorporatingsuchanintegratedcircuitintoanIDcardwascontainedinapatentapplicationfiledinJapanbyKunitakaArimurainJapanconcerning“aplasticcardincorporatingoneormoreintegratedcircuitchipsforthegenerationofdistinguishingsignals”in[].However,thefirstrealprogressinthedevelopmentofsmartcardscamewhenRonalMorenoregisteredhissmartcardpatenton“anindependentelectronicobjec行方应用,密钥、解密许可。钥匙函数作为安全运行环境密码,解密许可核对密码真实性。.微处理器芯片卡这些卡具有卡动态数据处理能力。这个芯片包含了一个用于管理内存分配和档案存取得微处理器或微控制器。它在组织好文件结构中通过一个卡操作系统管理数据。不像其它操作系统,该软件控制对卡用户记忆访问。这个功能允许不同多重功能和不同应用程序记录在卡上。这种卡微处理器芯片比在PCS中使用中央处理单元更小,处理起来更慢。他们编程能力为卡功能提供支持。.接触式智能卡智能卡除了能按智能卡芯片分类外,也可基于通信方式不同来分。接触式智能卡需要卡和读卡器有物理上接触。这种卡通过其上一个八针或六针针头从物理上连接到读卡器。他们芯片可以是内存或微处理器类型。.非接触式智能卡非接触式智能卡使用天线与读卡器进行通信。他们从读卡器产生射频场获取能量。射频卡可在卡与读卡器之间传送数据。门禁系统使用员工识别卡通常采用非接触式智能卡。另外,大多数应用于运输卡也是非接触式。.混合性智能卡多功能组合智能卡是接触式和非接触式设计杂交组合。它包括用于与接触式读卡器通信接触类型,也包括用于与射频式读卡器通信天线。.KFUPM智能卡系统大学校园里所有员工和学生都需要简单身份认证卡,这种卡根据他们地位授权其使用特定数据,设备和部门。多功能、以微处理器为基础智能卡把身份与访问权限进行合并,同时将在各种地点使用费用进行存储,如餐厅和商店等。世界各地众多院校都在使用智能卡。KFUPM是在某一区域内首个采用综合性多功能智能卡系统大学之一。KFUPM卡是一种双卡,它有两个芯片,一个为接触式应用,另一个为非接触式应用。接触式芯片可以被用来存储持卡人照片以及未来银行服务,而非接触式芯片用于所有其它功能。卡系统将提供以下功能:()照片编号()图书馆借书权()大学设施访问控制()电子钱包()消费中心服务()医疗中心服务()上机和互联网访问()网络教学这些功能均由控制管理中心(CMC)控制,如图所示。CMC将会控制一个连接到大学网络文件数据库服务器,使该系统可以访问学生信息系统(SIS)及相关人员工资数据库(PPS)。为持卡人数据库创建一个额外数据库,并将其注册进这个系统服务器。CMC主要有以下几部分组成。图卡管理中心卡发行系统(CIS)功能是为了用于捕获数码照片和持卡者生物模板。如图所示,卡发行系统由卡打印机,生物扫描仪,数码相机和一个工作站组成。把卡发行系统工作站连接到网络是为了访问数据库取得所要求信息和数据。然而,正在处理记录在被传送到持卡人数据库之前,可以在短时间内暂存在CIS本地数据库中,从而减少KFUPM网络负担。图卡发布系统卡个人化系统(CPS)除了为持卡人定义门进入级别还执行芯片个人化。CPS工作于客户机/服务器结构,用于个性化过程应用放在服务器端。因此,每一个被定义CPS工作站使用KFUPM网络在服务器端访问和调用CPS应用。CPS应用程序可以通过KFUPM网络进入SIS和PPS。CPS由生物扫描器,接触式读卡器和非接触式读卡器组成,如图所示。图卡个人化系统由于接触式和非接触式芯片存在,个性化需要实现两次。一旦个性化程序完成时,这个系统进行生物鉴定过程,以确保生物模板与实际持卡者匹配。访问控制系统(ACS)负责控制所有定义访问管制区。它也被用来定义各组水平,允许适当地控制大学中学生和工作人员活动情况。该系统提供了对校门,建筑物,实验室、图书馆、娱乐中心和停车场访问控制,如图所示。ACS用于记录教职员工和学生在控制范围内活动。图访问控制系统支付管理系统(PMS)负责收集各种在销售点(POS)终端执行电子钱包与大学账目事务。这些POS终端可以设立在餐厅,图书馆、娱乐中心、医疗中心和咖啡店等。POS系统可接受现金付款,也可通过校园帐号付款,还可以通过电子钱包付款和还款。图所示为POS系统。图销售点系统结论本文介绍了智能卡技术。它涉及到了智能卡历史和类型。此外,它重点介绍了KFUPM智能卡系统。在系统完成基础上,希望KFUPM智能卡项目将成为该地区其它大学效仿一个重要研究案例。rgeneralusewasissuedbytheDinnersClubin.Atfirstthecard‟sfunctionswerequitesimple[].Theyinitiallyservedasdataarriersthatweresecureagainstforgeryandtampering.Generalinformation,suchasthecardissuer‟sname,wasprintedonthesurfacewhilepersonaldataelements,suchasthecardholder‟snameandthecardnumberwereembossed.Furthermore,manycardsbadasignaturefield.Protectionagainstforgerywasprovidedbyvisualfeatures.There英文文献:SMARTCARDforSMARTCAMPUSKFUPMCaseStudyTalaHalawaniandMohamedMohandesKingFahdUniversityofPetroleumandMineralsmohandes@kfuum.edu.SaAbstractSmartcardisthelatestadditionintheworldofinformationtechnology.Thevisionofthesmartcardprogramistoprovideaccesstoservicesthatissecure,fast,friendly,easytouse,flexible,personal,andisaccessiblebytheuserskomanyplaceatanytime.Asmartcardisofthesizeofaconventionalcreditcardwithanembeddedcomputerchipthatstoresandtransactsdatabetweenusersanddevices.Thisdataisassociatedwitheithervalueorinformationorbothandisstoredandprocessedwithinthechipofthecard.Thecarddataistransactedviaacardreaderattachedtoacomputingsystemasaperipheraldevice.Smartcardsareextensivelyusedthroughseveralkeyapplicationslikeeducation,healthcare,banking,entertainment,andtransportation..IntroductionSmartcardisamini-computercapableofstoringandprocessingdata.Although,at-present,theyaremostpopularassingle-functioncashcardsandlong-distancecallingcards,theircapabilitiesrangefromretainingtickets,money,frequentflyermiles,travelpreferences,insuranceinformation,keydemographicdata,linkstoapatient‟smedicalrecords,toallowingaccessintoabuilding,loggingontoanetwork,etc.Thepotentialofthesmartcardislimitless.Withtheaddedbonusofthesefunctionsbeingperformedonasinglecard,smartcardshavetheabilitytobecomeindispensabletools.SmartcardswerefirstintroducedinEuropeacoupleofdecadesagoasastoredvaluetoolforpayphonestoreducetheft[I].Assmartcardsandotherchip-basedcardsadvanced,peoplefoundnewwaystousethem,suchaschargingcardsforcreditpurchasesandforrecordkeepinginplaceofpaper.Smartcardsprovidetamper-proofstorageofuserandaccountidentity.Theyprovideprotectionagainstafullrangeofsecuritythreats,komcarelessstorageofuserpasswordstosophisticatedsystemhacks.Smartcardcanbemulti-functionalthroughtheuseofseveralapplicationsstoredonthecard.Thispaperstartswiththehistoryofsmartcardsanddescribesthedifferenttypesofsmartcardswithcharacteristicsofeachtype.Finally,thepaperwilldetailKFUPMsmartcardsystemasanimportantcasestudyinthefield..TheHistoryofSmartCardsThefirstplasticpaymentcardforgeneralusewasissuedbytheDinnersClubin.Atfirstthecard‟sfunctionswerequitesimple[].Theyinitiallyservedasdatacarriersthatweresecureagainstforgeryandtampering.Generalinformation,suchasthecardissuer‟sname,wasprintedonthesurfacewhilepersonaldataelements,suchasthecardholder‟snameandthecardnumberwereembossed.Furthermore,manycardsbadasignaturefield.Protectionagainstforgerywasprovidedbyvisualfeatures.Therefore,thesystem‟ssecuritydependedcompletelyontheretailstaffacceptingthecards.However,thiswasnotanoverwhelmingproblemduetothecard„sinitialexclusivity.Therewasapressingneedformachine-readablecardstoreducehandlingcostinadditiontothefactthatcardissuer‟slossesduegrewfromyeartoyearduetofraud[].Thefirstimprovementconsistedofamagneticstriponthebackofthecard.Thisalloweddigitaldatatobestoredonthecardinamachine-readableformasasupplementtothevisualdata.Additionally,securityisenhancedbytheuseofasecretpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN)thatiscomparedtoareferencenumberstoredinthemagneticstrip[].Althoughtheembossedcardwithamagneticstripisstillthemostcommonlyusedtypeofpaymentcard,theysufferfromasevereweaknessinthatdatastoredonthestripcanberead,deletedandrewrittenbyanyonewithaccesstotheappropriateequipment.PINmustbestoredinthehostsysteminasecureenvironment,insteadofonthemagneticstrip.Mostsystemsthatemploymagneticstripcardshaveon-lineconnectionstothesystem‟shostcomputerforsecurityreasons.However,thisgeneratesconsiderabledatatransmissioncosts.Thedevelopmentofthesmartcard,combinedwiththeexpansionofelectronicdataprocessinghascreatedc 1英文文献:SMARTCARDforSMARTCAMPUSKFUPMCaseStudyTala1HalawaniandMohamedMohandesKingFahdUniversityofPetroleumandMineralsmohandes@kfuum.edu.SaAbstractSmartcardisthelatestadditionintheworldofinformationtechnology.Thevisionofthesmartcardprogramistoprovideaccesstoservicesthatissecure,fast,friendly,easytouse,flexible,personal,andisaccessiblebytheuserskomanyplac