DesignofPublicTransportationNetworksNetworkdesignisanimportantpartofthepublictransportationoperationalplanningprocess(Ceder).Itincludesthedesignofroutelayoutsandthedeterminationofassociatedoperationalcharacteristicssuchasfrequencies,rollingstocktypes,andsoon.AsnotedbyCederandWilson(),networkdesignelementsarepartoftheoveralloperationalplanningprocessforpublictransportationnetworks;theprocessincludesfivesteps:()de-signofroutes;()settingfrequencies;()developingtimetables;()schedulingbuses;and()schedulingdrivers.Routelayoutdesignisguidedbypassengerflows:routesareestablishedtoprovidedirectorindirectconnectionbetweenlocationsandareasthatgenerateandattractdemandfortransittravel,suchasresi-dentialandactivityrelatedcenters(Levinson).Forexample,passengerflowsbetweenacentralbusinessdistrict(CBD)andsuburbsdictatethedesignofradialrouteswhiledemandfortripsbetweendifferentneighborhoodsmayleadt