ins[],[],[].Twolow-passfilterstoreducethehighfrequencyassociatedtoswitchingininputcurrentandoutputvoltage[].TheAC-ACconvertergeneratesaPWMACvoltagetocancelthevariationsintheACmainsandtocompensatethevoltagesagsandswells.S,S,SandSareusedtogeneratethePWMvoltagewiththepolarityrequired.TheadequateoperationoftheswitchesallowsproducinganoutputvoltageVoutonphaseorphase-shiftedwithrespecttoVin.Whentheutilie.Inspiteoftheabove,theUPSsystemsarecapabletosupportenergyinterruptions.Otheroptiondeveloped,whichisabletocompensatevoltagesagsisbasedonPWMAC-ACconverter[],[].Thissolutionusesanautotransformercomposedbyoneprimarysideandtwosecondarywindingspresentingagoodperformance.Thesystemcompensatesuntilvoltagesagsandswellsandcancontinuouslyshapetheoutputvoltagetobesinusoidal(withlowTHD).Nevertheless,theautotransformerdrivesalltheloadpowerduetoitisconnectedbetweentheloadandtheACmains.InthispaperaPWMAC-ACconverterispresented,inordertocompensatevoltagesagsandswellssimultaneouslyincriticalloads,andtomaintainacontinuousregulationintheoutputvoltage.Thesystemconsistsinasingle-phaseAC-ACconverterinamatrixarrangement,andenergystoragedevicesarenotrequired.AfourstepswitchingtechniqueisusedtodriveAC-ACconverterswitches,executingsnubber-lessoperations.Thereferencesignalisgeneratedusingsingle-phased-qtheory,obtainingafastresponsetimeandcontinueregulation,withahighefficiency.Oneoftheadvantagesinthisstructureisthatthetapsofthecouplingtransformerarenotrequiredtochangethepolarityofthecompensationvoltage,andtheconverterdrivesonlyapercentoftheloadpower.Design,constructionandperformancearedetailed,andseveralsimulationsandexperimentalresultsobtainedwithalaboratoryprototypeareshowedtovalidatetheapproach.II.CONVERTERANALYSISThestructureoftheproposedapproachisshowninFig..Fig.lConceptualdesignoftheproposedapproachItsprincipalobjectiveconsistsinsupplyacompensationvoltageinordertokeepalwaysthenominalvalueoftheACmains.Whenvoltagesagoccurs,theconvertersuppliesthenecessaryvoltagetomaintainregulationintheoutputvoltage.Inthesameway,whenvoltageswelloccurs,theconverterreproducesthenecessaryvoltagetocancelouttheovervoltage.Thetopologyofthesingle-phaseAC-ACconverterisshowninFig..Fig.Single-PhaseAC-ACconverterTheconverterhasthefollowingelements:Fourcurrentandvoltagebi-directionalswitchingdevicesconnectedtotheACmains[],[],[].Twolow-passfilterstoreducethehighfrequencyassociatedtoswitchingininputcurrentandoutputvoltage[].TheAC-ACconvertergeneratesaPWMACvoltagetocancelthevariationsintheACmainsandtocompensatethevoltagesagsandswells.S,S,SandSareusedtogeneratethePWMvoltagewiththepolarityrequired.TheadequateoperationoftheswitchesallowsproducinganoutputvoltageVoutonphaseorphase-shiftedwithrespecttoVin.Whentheutili。四、参考发电单相d-q理论是用来实现补偿处理,并选择占空比。d-q理论转化为直流基频信号组件,允许快速瞬态响应补偿电压骤降和骤升。为了实现单相d-q变换,一个虚正交系统概念被引入。该主要思路是虚构正交变换保持完全一样系统组件和参数,始终保持实际组件[]相移。在本文中,它是采用假想概念建议[],正交电路中有一个滞后。图显示了真实和虚构正交变换用于确定来自交流电源d-q变换。图实部和虚变量从实部和虚电路矩阵变换为d-q旋转框架为:()其中:Vd=实际电路电压Vq=假象电压该d-q变换提供了有关活性成分补偿信息。作为一个例子,正弦信号Vpsin(wt)(无谐波含量)Vd和Vq组件是“Vp”和“”。五、耦合变压器设计在图中,补偿电压测量了负载:Vo=Vin+Vcon()使用电器系统方程和考虑一个因素,就是当电压骤降或膨胀时,会呈现以百分比幅度速度递增或递减:()图显示了方程()所得a和n不同值。人们注意到,每个n有两个a值;此值可能产生最高补偿百分比来获得转换器。图不同值a和n用来设计耦合变压器表.—最高补偿百分比取决于变换关系六、闭回路分析一个闭环方案被使用,以减少参考电压和转换器产生电压之间差异。在这种情况下,交流电源瞬时振幅是时变直流信号。鉴于以上原因,必须要有一个良好电压调节,建议用一个比例-积分控制器,改善了单相交流-交流变换器动态响应。图给出了单相交流-交流变换器闭环框图。图单相交流-交流变换器闭环框图PI控制器传递函数为:()七、模拟结果为了验证单相交流–交流转换器运行,转换器几个模拟开环和闭环被运行。这些模拟被用于一个KW负荷带有VRMS。Hz额定电压。换向频率等于kHz时,输出低通滤波器Hz和截止频率选定转换关系为:,被使用电动方案在图中被显示。图显示了开环仿真结果当电压骤升发生时。波形(b)是交流电源电压。当产生电压保持其标称值时,该转换器输出电压Vout=。在时间P,当有振幅干扰时,(对应电压膨胀)转换器再现了必要组成部分,以补偿负载电压。该系统快速响应速度如下。图模拟结果AC-AC变换器(从至高峰变化)。(a)占空比D,(b)交流电源,(c)转换器产生补偿电压,(d)负载电压。在这种情况下,干扰P造成短暂T持续时间是最低限度。在交流电源出现骤升和骤降时,图显示了开环模拟结果。图交流–交流变换器仿真结果(从到高峰变化)。(a)占空比D,(b)交流电源,(c)转换器产生补偿电压,(d)负载电压闭环仿真结果如下。当出现电压骤升时,转换器反应时间如同所示。可以看出,转换器补偿大约在两个周期。图闭环仿真结果(交流电源变化从至高峰)。(a)交流电源,(b)转换器产生补偿电压,(d)负载电压。考虑到交流电源谐波含量闭环仿真如图所示。图闭环仿真结果(交流电源变化从至高峰)。(a)交流电源,(b)转换器产生补偿电压,(c)负载电压。交流–交流转换器能够重现必要电压,以补偿负载电压,即提出了一种交流电源谐波失真。八、实验结果补偿电压骤降和骤升原型被实施以验证分析表示。原型是一个单相设备,KW容量,V,Hz。它能够弥补高达电压骤降和电压骤升。图显示了交流-交流变换器PWM电压。在这种情况下,交流电源VRMS等于V和需要补偿。图交流-交流变换器实验结果(a)交流电源,(b)交流-交流PWM电压值得注意是单相交流-交流变换器再现脉冲电压VPWM,而四步调制技术为输入和输出电流提供一个安全过渡。参考电压,转换器过滤输出电压和开环交流电源电流如图所示。一个kVA电阻负载和单相交流-交流变换器输出连接。图交流-交流变换器实验结果(a)交流电源,(b)转换器过滤输出电压,(c)交流电源电流图显示了稳定结构补偿,交流电源中存在电压骤降。波形(a)是交流电源电压,(b)是转换器产生补偿电压,(c)是输出电压。在补偿期间,单相交流-交流转换器再现了所需电压,以维持负载电压。图稳态补偿结果(a)交流电源,(b)转换器产生补偿电压,(c)输出电压图显示由DSP产生控制信号SA和SB以补偿电压骤降。在双向开关打开和关闭之间产生由FPGA产生死区时间,该时间等于us。图DSP产生控制信号(a)占空比,(b)交流电源极性,(c)SA开关装置,(d)SB开关装置九、结论本文提出了一种拓扑结构以补偿电压骤降和电压骤升,同时建议在关键负载保持输出电压连续调节。该方案采用矩阵安排中单相交流-交流转换器,它优点是能源存储设备不是必需。四步切换技术被用来驱动交流-交流转换器开关来执行无缓冲操作。仿真和实验结果证实了单相交流-交流转换器良好性能和显示了补偿快速响应。e.Inspiteoftheabove,theUPSsystemsarecapabletosupportenergyinterruptions.Otheroptiondeveloped,whichisabletocompensatevoltagesagsisbasedonPWMAC-ACconverter[],[].Thissolutionusesanautotransformercomposedbyoneprimarysideandtwosecondarywindingspresentingagoodperformance.Thesystemcompensatesuntilvoltagesagsandswellsandcancontinuouslyshapetheoutputvoltagetobesinusoidal(withlowTHD).Nevertheless,theautotra外文文献翻译专业电气工程及其自动化学生姓名陈嘉俐班级BD电气学号指导教师胡国文电气工程学院CompensationofVoltageSagsandSwellsusingaSingle-PhaseAC-ACConverterAbstract-Inthispaper,atopologytocompensatevoltagesagsandswellssimultaneouslyincriticalloadsisproposed.Itconsistsinasingle-phaseAC-ACconverterinamatrixarrangement,whichkeepsacontinuousregulationintheoutputvoltage.Theproposedschemehasthecapabilitytocompensateuptovoltagesagsandvoltageswells.EnergystoragedevicesarenotrequiredbytheAC-ACconverteranditisconnectedbetweentheACmainsandtheloadbyusingaseriestransformer.Oneoftheadvantagesofthistopologyisthattapsforthecouplingtransformerarenonecessarytochangethepolarityofthecompensationvoltage.AfourstepswitchingtechniqueisusedtodrivetheAC-ACconverterswitches,executingsnubber-lessoperation.Thereferencesignalisgeneratedusingsingle-phased-qtheory,obtainingafastresponsetimeandhighregulation.SimulationandexperimentalresultsofakWcapacity,V,Hzequipmentarepresented.I.INTRODUCTIONThequalityoftheACmainshasbeenaffectedbytheuseofnewsemiconductor-devicestechnologies.Nowadays,itiscommontofinddisturbancesintheamplitudeorwaveformshapeofcurrentandvoltageintheelectricsystems.Theseconditionscouldproducefailsintheequipments,raisingthepossibilityofanenergyinterruption.ThevoltagefastvariationsthatappearintheACmainsduringsecondsorlessarecommonlyknownasvoltagesagsandswells.Thesevariationsareproducedbynormaloperationofhighpowerloadsaswellastheirsconnectionanddisconnection;thevoltagefastvariationeffectsarefunctionoftheamplitudeandthedurationoftheevent.Somestudiesshowthatofalldisturbancesintheelectricalpowerdistributionsystemsareproducedbyvoltagesags[].Itisimportanttoeliminatethevoltagefastvariationsbecausetheyarethemostfrequentlycauseofdisruptedoperationsformanyindustrialprocesses,particularlythoseusingmodernelectronicequipment,whicharehighlysensitivetoshortdurationsourcevariations[].DynamicVoltageRestorer(DVR)andUninterruptedPowerSupply(UPS)systemshadbeenresearchedanddevelopedalongthelastdecadesandtheyarecapabletocompensatevoltagesagsandswells.Nevertheless,theydependondevicestostoreenergy,likelargecapacitorsorbatteriesbank.Thenominalpoweroperationisafunctionofsizeandcapacityofthosedevices;ifthepowerisincreased,thesizeofthedeviceswillincrease.Inspiteoftheabove,theUPSsystemsarecapabletosupportenergyinterruptions.Otheroptiondeveloped,whichisabletocompensatevoltagesagsisbasedonPWMAC-ACconverter[],[].Thissolutionusesanautotransformercomposedbyoneprimarysideandtwosecondarywindingspresentingagoodperformance.Thesystemcompensatesuntilvoltagesagsandswellsandcancontinuouslyshapetheoutputvoltagetobesinusoidal(withlowTHD).Nevertheless,theautotransformerdrivesalltheloadpowerduetoitisconnectedbetweentheloadandtheACmains.InthispaperaPWMAC-ACconverterispresented,inordertocompensatevoltagesagsandswellssimultaneouslyincriticalloads,andtomaintainacontinuousregulationintheoutputvoltage.Thesystemconsistsinasingle-phaseAC-ACconverterinamatrixarrangement,andenergystoragedevicesarenotrequired.AfourstepswitchingtechniqueisusedtodriveAC-ACconverterswitches,executingsnubber-lessoperations.Thereferencesignalisgeneratedusingsingle-phased-qtheory,obtainingafastresponsetimeandcontinueregulation,withahighefficiency.Oneoftheadvantagesinthisstructureisthatthetapsofthecouplingtransformerarenotrequiredtochangethepolarityofthecompensationvoltage,andtheconverterdrivesonlyapercentoftheloadpower.Design,constructionandperformancearedetailed,andseveralsimulationsandexperimentalresultsobtainedwithalaboratoryprototypeareshowedtovalidatetheapproach.II.CONVERTERANALYSISThestructureoftheproposedapproachisshowninFig..Fig.lConceptualdesignoftheproposedapproachItsprincipalobjectiveconsistsinsupplyacompensationvoltageinordertokeepalwaysthenominalvalueoftheACmains.Whenvoltagesagoccurs,theconvertersuppliesthenecessaryvoltagetomaintainregulationintheoutputvol 外文文献翻译专业电气工程及其自动化学生姓名陈嘉俐班级BD电气071学号0720601103指导教师胡国文电气工程学院CompensationofVoltageSagsandSwellsusingaSingle-PhaseAC-ACConverterAbstract-Inthispaper,atopologytocompensatevoltagesagsandswellssimultaneouslyincriticalloadsisproposed.Itconsistsinasingle-phaseAC-ACconverterinamatrixarrangement,whichkeepsacontinuousregulationintheoutputvoltage.Theproposedschem