theheatefficiencyoftheengineitselfRecoveryofbrakingenergyandemploymentofidlestopusingahybridpowerplantCarbodytechnologiesincludingreductionofweightandreducedaerodynamicandrollingresistance.Figure.TargetofdoublethefueleconomyofCIVICAimingtoestablishabenchmarkforstcenturyautomobilepowertrains,wedevelopedthisnewIntegratedMotorAssistpowertrain.Thispowertrainsimultaneouslyachievesbothextremelylowfuelisplacementandhigherengineefficiency.Sustainedhillclimbingperformanceandhighspeedcruisingcapabilityareassuredbyapower-toweightratioofapproximatelykWpermetricton.NewenginetechnologyincludestheapplicationofanewVTEC(VariablevalveTimingandvalvelift,ElectronicControl)cylinderheaddesignpromotinghighefficiencyandfastcatalystactivation,andanewleanNOxcatalystsystemwhichpromotesleanburncombustionandareductioninemissions.Extensivefrictionandweightreducingfeaturesarealsoapplied..DEVELOPMENTTARGETSANDCONCEPTDevelopmentwasaimedattheachievementofextremelylowfuelconsumption.WesetatargetoftwicethefueleconomyofthecurrentproductionCivic,Honda’srepresentativehighfueleconomycarat.L/km(//EC).Asaresult,theInsighthasthelowestfuelconsumptionintheworld,amonggasolinepassengercars.Exhaustemissionperformanceoftentendstobesacrificedforthesakeoflowfuelconsumption.However,wealsodecidedtomatchthelowemissionsperformanceachievedbyothermassproductioncars.Considerationwasalsogiventorecyclability(anotherimportantenvironmentalissue),crashsafetyperformance,andthebasiccarcharacteristicsincludinghandlingandstyling.Summarizingtheabove,ourdevelopmenttargetswereasfollows:ThebestfuelconsumptionperformanceintheworldUltra-lowexhaustemissionsSuperiorrecyclabilityTheworld'shighestlevelofcrashsafetyperformanceAdvancedstylingPracticalfeaturesandresponsivehandlingComfortabletwo-seatconfigurationwithpersonalutilityspace.POLICIESFORFUELCONSUMPTIONREDUCTIONInordertoestablishthetechnicalapproachforachievingthefuelconsumptiontarget,weconductedadetailedanalysisoftheenergyconsumptionofthebasecar,aCivicequippedwitha.literengine.Wefoundthatitwasusefultodividethetargetedefficiencygainsroughlyintothirds,asshowninFig.,inordertoachievethelowfuelconsumptionandnumerousotherabove-mentionedgoals.Thesedivisionsareasfollows.ImprovementoftheheatefficiencyoftheengineitselfRecoveryofbrakingenergyandemploymentofidlestopusingahybridpowerplantCarbodytechnologiesincludingreductionofweightandreducedaerodynamicandrollingresistance.Figure.TargetofdoublethefueleconomyofCIVICAimingtoestablishabenchmarkforstcenturyautomobilepowertrains,wedevelopedthisnewIntegratedMotorAssistpowertrain.Thispowertrainsimultaneouslyachievesbothextremelylowfuel这种强涡进气口和紧凑燃烧室结果是在传统VTEC稀燃技术上革新。传统VTEC发动机中,涡流是靠在低速工况下关闭一个进气阀门产生,然而在新发动机中进气阀和进气口被竖直布置以在可燃物流向气缸时产生强涡流。传统VTEC结构中进排气摇臂各由独立摇臂轴支撑,如图所示,新VTEC机构将其合成一根单独摇臂轴,显著地减小了尺寸,还将气门角从度减小为度,容许强旋涡形气门及更紧凑燃烧室。图发动机侧视图图气缸剖面图.减小机械损失除了改良指示热效率,减小机械损失对改善燃油经济性也很重要,为了达到这个目标,采用了以下低磨擦技术:●同轴滚子VTEC机构●活塞微波纹处理●偏置气缸结构●低张力活塞环●连杆渗碳HondaS(大功率跑车发动机)采用单凸轮轴VTEC装置同轴滚子VTEC结构是一种技术上改进。通过凸轮轴上摇臂滑动区域使用滚针轴承可将凸轮轴驱动机构损失减小。另外,将VTEC开关活塞加入滚针轴承内轴同时减小了尺寸与重量。图VTEC滚子剖面图活塞微波纹处理由创造微波表面活塞裙部处理组成,它提高了油膜抑制性能,使用低摩擦损失机油时将减小近摩擦,这些功效开发了与国际润滑油标准委员会标准相符W-级低粘度油,其摩擦减小效用是发动机马达试验测量,测试结果如图所示。现今发动机技术中,HTTS粘度处于极限摩擦值时为.Mpa,同先进低摩擦发动机结合应用,极限值比当今发动机低得多。如图所示,低摩擦技术大大地减小了发动机总摩擦力。总来说,与传统.L发动机相比降低了以上。图摩擦减小中极限图发动机摩擦.减小重量总观了发动机中几乎所有零件结构和材料,带着创造世界.L产品中最轻发动机目,减轻重量甚至延伸到了骨架式结构技术和材料技术领域,如用于S连杆渗碳。表面强化处理大大加快了发动机营运速度,我们以此为IMA发动机制造出更细连杆,这使得与传统连杆相比重量减轻了近。图镁制油底壳大多数油底壳是用钢板或铝合金制造,传统镁材料已经有高温机油承受能力问题,与传统材料相比,能在C以上温度承受显著落差蠕变强度,我们开发新型镁制底壳(图)能承受高达C蠕变强度。油底壳用有铝制垫片钢制螺栓固定以防止电蚀。此油底壳比铝制轻,减轻重量是与两金属质量比相等。为进一步扩大塑制零件应用,塑制材料在进气歧管、缸罩、水泵皮带轮等进气系统零件中得到采用,这些变化使发动机自重小于kg,是世界.L产品中最小。.废气排放性能本发动机采用能同时达到稀燃和低排放技术,显著地降低了NOx排量,排气系统发动机后置改善燃烧(图)。除此之外,将排气歧管集成在缸盖上,新开发了一种能在稀燃工况时吸收NOx催化剂,能降低NOx排放。图排放系统剖面图..集成排气歧管和缸盖传统缸盖每个气缸独立排气门,在缸盖上再安装一排气歧管将这些排气门合起来。如图所示,Insight缸盖有内置排气门合并结构,大大地减轻了重量。小小热辐射表面减小了废气热损失,使催化过程更早进行。图气缸盖主视图..稀NOx催化剂Insight催化系统包含了NOx吸附材料三元催化转化器,如图所示。图废气净化装置在稀燃工况下,废气中NOx被催化剂吸附并分解。传统三元催化在稀燃工况下,能将一部分NOx转化为氮气,把大部分HC、CO氧化成CO和HO。然而,由于废气中有大量氧,所以NOx降低相对较少,大部分NOx都存储于吸附材料表面。废气在理论空燃比和更高时,利用HC和CO作为还原剂将吸附NOx还原为氮,同时吸附过程也在进行。因此,利用有NOx吸附作用三元催化器可有效地降低NOx、HC和CO。此催化剂在稀燃和理论配比工期况下表现出良好转化性能,在NOx吸附量满载前有必要再给予大气。稀燃时催化剂直接吸收NOx,在理论配比时将NOx还原为无害氮排出,此催化剂以稀燃工况直接吸附NOx于表面为特征,而不是作为化合物吸附于表面内,方便了转化,提供了更高高温承受能力。此催化器将稀燃工况下NOx排量降低了传统/。值得一提是其吸附转化性能对燃料中硫含量十分敏感,因为硫会与NOx争夺吸附空间。传统催化器在稀燃运行时基本没有降低NOx排量,因此需减小稀燃范围以降低NOx排量。此催化剂确保了稀燃工况下改善燃油经济性,达到了EU标准,是遵守世界排放标准高效稀燃发动机。.结论本论文总观了新开发电动机辅助混合动力系,对其各元件及效率与排放性能作了描述。此动力系同时满足了极低油耗和低排放,达到了轻型紧凑质量,我们相信此系统能推动世纪汽车技术。isplacementandhigherengineefficiency.Sustainedhllclimbingperformanceandhighspeedcruisingcapabilityareassuredbyapower-toweightratioofapproximatelykWpermetricton.NewenginetechnologyincludestheapplicationofanewVTEC(VariablevalveTimingandvalvelift,ElectronicControl)cylinderheaddesignpromotinghighefficiencyandfastcatalystactivation,andanewleanNOxcatalystsystemwhichpromotesleanburncombustionandareducti中文字Developmentofintegratedmotorassisthybridsystem:Developmentofthe'Insight',apersonalhybridcoupeKaoruAoki,ShigetakaKuroda,ShigemasaKajiwara,HiromitsuSatoandYoshioYamamotoHondaR&DCo.,Ltd.CopyrightSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,Inc.ABSTRACTThispaperpresentsthetechnicalapproachusedtodesignanddevelopthepowerplantfortheHondaInsight,anewmotorassisthybridvehiclewithanoveralldevelopmentobjectiveofjusthalfthefuelconsumptionofthecurrentCivicoverawiderangeofdrivingconditions.Fuelconsumptionofkm/L(Japanese-mode),and.L/km(//EC)wasrealized.Toachievethis,anewIntegratedMotorAssist(IMA)hybridpowerplantsystemwasdeveloped,incorporatingmanynewtechnologiesforpackagingandintegratingthemotorassistsystemandforimprovingenginethermalefficiency.Thiswasdevelopedincombinationwithanewlightweightaluminumbodywithlowaerodynamicresistance.Environmentalperformancegoalsalsoincludedthesimultaneousachievementoflowemissions(halftheJapaneseyearstandards,andhalftheEUstandards),highefficiency,andrecyclability.Fullconsiderationwasalsogiventokeyconsumerattributes,includingcrashsafetyperformance,handling,anddrivingperformance..INTRODUCTIONToreducetheautomobile’simpactonsocietyandtheenvironmentrequiresthatitbeincreasinglycleanerandmoreenergyefficient.Theissuesofenergyconservation,ambientairquality,andreductioninCOemissionsareincreasingraisedasglobalenvironmentalconcerns.Onesolutionfordealingwiththeseissuesisthehybridautomobile.HondahasdevelopedandintroducedtoseveralmajormarketsworldwidetheInsight,anewgenerationofvehicledesign.TheInsightcombinesahybridpowertrainwithadvancedbodytechnologyfeaturestomeetanoverallgoalofachievingthehighestfueleconomypractical.Thehybridpowertrainisamotorassistparallelconfiguration,termedIMAfor‘IntegratedMotorAssist’.ThispowertraincombinesahighlyefficientelectricmotorwithanewsmalldisplacementVTECengine,alightweightaluminumbody,andimprovedaerodynamicstorealize.L/km(CO:g/km)on//ECfueleconomy.LowemissionsperformancewasalsotargetedwithemissionlevelsachievingtheEU.Inadditiontorecapturingdecelerationenergy,theintegratedmotorprovideshightorqueassistduringtypicalurbandrivingaccelerations.Thisallowsasignificantreductioninenginedisplacementandhigherengineefficiency.Sustainedhillclimbingperformanceandhighspeedcruisingcapabilityareassuredbyapower-toweightratioofapproximatelykWpermetricton.NewenginetechnologyincludestheapplicationofanewVTEC(VariablevalveTimingandvalvelift,ElectronicControl)cylinderheaddesignpromotinghighefficiencyandfastcatalystactivation,andanewleanNOxcatalystsystemwhichpromotesleanburncombustionandareductioninemissions.Extensivefrictionandweightreducingfeaturesarealsoapplied..DEVELOPMENTTARGETSANDCONCEPTDevelopmentwasaimedattheachievementofextremelylowfuelconsumption.WesetatargetoftwicethefueleconomyofthecurrentproductionCivic,Honda’srepresentativehighfueleconomycarat.L/km(//EC).Asaresult,theInsighthasthelowestfuelconsumptionintheworld,amonggasolinepassengercars.Exhaustemissionperformanceoftentendstobesacrificedforthesakeoflowfuelconsumption.However,wealsodecidedtomatchthelowemissionsperformanceachievedbyothermassproductioncars.Considerationwasalsogiventorecyclability(anotherimportantenvironmentalissue),crashsafetyperformance,andthebasiccarcharacteristicsincludinghandlingandstyling.Summarizingtheabove,ourdevelopmenttargetswereasfollows:ThebestfuelconsumptionperformanceintheworldUltra-lowexhaustemissionsSuperiorrecyclabilityTheworld'shighestlevelofcrashsafetyperformanceAdvancedstylingPracticalfeaturesandresponsivehandlingComfortabletwo-seatconfigurationwithpersonalutilityspace.POLICIESFORFUELCONSUMPTIONREDUCTIONInordertoestablishthetechnicalapproachforachievingthefuelconsumptiontarget,weconductedadetailedanalysisoftheenergyconsumptionofthebase 中文5300字Developmentofintegratedmotorassisthybridsystem:Developmentofthe'Insight',apersonalhybridcoupeKaoruAoki,ShigetakaKuroda,ShigemasaKajiwara,HiromitsuSatoandYoshioYamamotoHondaR&DCo.,Ltd.Copyright©2000SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers,Inc.ABSTRACTThispaperpresentsthetechnicalapproachusedtodesignanddevelopthepowerplantfortheHondaInsight,anewmot